Incretin Receptor Agonist Research
How single, dual and triple incretin receptor agonists differ in sequence, fatty acid chemistry and receptor selectivity.
Journal
Peptide science, one question at a time.
Articles on peptide chemistry, classes of compounds and how to read the research.
More articles
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Growth Hormone Secretagogue Research
GHRH analogues and ghrelin-receptor agonists: two routes to the same pituitary cell.
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Melanocortin Peptide Research
Alpha-MSH, its five receptors and four analogues: two are licensed medicines, one has published harms, one has no human data on record.
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Mitochondrial Peptide Research
Humanin, MOTS-c and the SHLPs are encoded by mitochondrial DNA; SS-31 is designed to reach mitochondria. Their evidence differs.
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Thymic Peptide Research
Thymosin alpha-1 is a defined peptide, thymosin beta-4 an actin-binding peptide of most cells, and thymalin a calf thymus extract.
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Peptide Blends in Research
Why two peptides share a vial, and what that does to testing and stability.
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Peptide Nomenclature and Modifications
One-letter codes, acetyl and amide caps, D-residues, Aib, rings and lipid chains: what a peptide's written name says about its structure.
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Half-Life Extension Strategies
Why small peptides vanish in minutes, and the chemistry used to slow that: substitution, fatty acids, albumin binding, PEG and Fc fusion.
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Peptide Salts and Net Peptide Content
Why the mass in a vial is not all peptide: counter-ions, water, how content is measured, and what trifluoroacetate does in cell assays.
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Bacteriostatic Water Explained
What bacteriostatic water is, what its benzyl alcohol preservative does and does not do, and how it differs from sterile water.
Go deeper
An article answers one question. The rest of the library holds the background.
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Research Library
What the published literature says about each compound, with every source linked.
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Learn
Guides to research peptides as laboratory materials: what they are, how they are made, tested and stored.
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Peptide Glossary
The terms used on product pages and certificates.
Journal articles report published research and laboratory practice. They contain no dosing information and no guidance on use in people or animals. Everything Horizon Peptides supplies is for research use only.